An Investigation of Nurses' Role in Promoting Exclusive Breastfeeding in Bayelsa State General Hospital
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Background of the Study
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is widely recognized as the optimal method of infant feeding, providing essential nutrients and immune protection necessary for a child's growth and development. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary foods up to two years or beyond (WHO, 2024). EBF has been linked to reduced infant mortality, improved cognitive development, and decreased risk of chronic diseases in later life (Adeyemi et al., 2023).
Despite these benefits, Nigeria has one of the lowest rates of exclusive breastfeeding in sub-Saharan Africa, with national statistics indicating that only about 29% of infants are exclusively breastfed for the first six months (National Demographic and Health Survey, 2023). Factors contributing to poor adherence to EBF include cultural beliefs, maternal employment, lack of knowledge, and inadequate support from healthcare professionals (Eze & Nwosu, 2024).
Nurses play a critical role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding by educating mothers, providing practical breastfeeding support, and addressing misconceptions that hinder EBF adherence. However, the extent to which nurses at Bayelsa State General Hospital actively promote and support exclusive breastfeeding is unclear. This study seeks to investigate nurses' roles in promoting exclusive breastfeeding, identifying barriers and opportunities for improving breastfeeding support services.
Statement of the Problem
Although EBF is essential for infant health, breastfeeding rates remain low in Nigeria, indicating gaps in awareness, support, and implementation of breastfeeding promotion strategies (Okonkwo et al., 2024). Nurses, being the first point of contact for many mothers, are expected to play a pivotal role in encouraging and guiding mothers on breastfeeding best practices. However, challenges such as inadequate training, heavy workload, and cultural resistance may hinder effective breastfeeding promotion.
At Bayelsa State General Hospital, the level of nurses' involvement in exclusive breastfeeding promotion is not well documented. Without effective nursing interventions, many mothers may discontinue exclusive breastfeeding prematurely, depriving infants of its vital health benefits. This study aims to explore nurses' role in promoting exclusive breastfeeding, examining the effectiveness of their support and identifying areas for improvement.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess nurses' knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding guidelines at Bayelsa State General Hospital.
- To evaluate nurses' role in educating and supporting mothers on exclusive breastfeeding.
- To identify challenges faced by nurses in promoting exclusive breastfeeding.
Research Questions
- What is the level of nurses' knowledge regarding exclusive breastfeeding guidelines?
- How do nurses support and educate mothers on exclusive breastfeeding?
- What challenges do nurses face in promoting exclusive breastfeeding?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurses at Bayelsa State General Hospital have adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding guidelines.
- Nurses play an active role in promoting and supporting exclusive breastfeeding.
- Various factors, including workload and cultural beliefs, impact nurses' effectiveness in promoting exclusive breastfeeding.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on nurses working in maternity, pediatric, and postnatal units at Bayelsa State General Hospital. The study will utilize surveys, interviews, and observational assessments to evaluate nurses' involvement in breastfeeding promotion. Limitations may include differences in breastfeeding knowledge among nurses and variability in mothers’ willingness to participate in the study.
Definitions of Terms
- Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF): The practice of feeding an infant only breast milk for the first six months, without any additional food or water.
- Breastfeeding Promotion: Efforts by healthcare providers to encourage, educate, and support mothers in adopting and maintaining exclusive breastfeeding.
- Lactation Support: Assistance provided to breastfeeding mothers, including guidance on proper latching, positioning, and milk supply maintenance.
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